In previous chapters of Geometric Generalization, we discussed the principles of Nature in depth. We have shown that physical reality is constructed on basic logical principles, and Nature is a continuous unity that constantly changes.

Geometric Generalization should be well absorbed in order to continue with this supplementary chapter, as we will not repeat the previous discussions. In this chapter, we will discuss one of the most practical deductions of this paper: The Universal (Natural) Unit System.

This paper’s unified and comprehensive description of Nature has a very important consequence. According to Geometric Generalization, all basic physical concepts (such as distance, time, mass, etc.) exist in such a way that they are directly related and intrinsically integrated to each other.

On the other hand, our current unit systems were not designed considering the inherent relations between these physical concepts. This is a natural consequence, because it is essential to comprehend why these physical concepts (distance, time, mass, etc.) exist, in order to form a proper unit system. As a result, our current unit systems are defined considering earth-size and human scale, and they do not represent exact relations in the smallest scale.

For example in SI (International System):

 - Length unit meter was first defined to be 10^-7 times the distance from the equator to the north-pole through Paris.

 - Time unit (as quantity of clock-ticks) was defined in terms of the mean solar day.

When metrics are chosen arbitrarily for physical concepts that have intrinsic correlations, many constants appear in physical equations. Numeric values of most of the physical constants are consequences of the inconsistencies in SI (International System) units. As a result, Nature’s basic mechanism becomes very hard to comprehend, because simplicity was compromised by equations with fictitious constants and improper physical units.

The leading example of these fictitious constants is the constant of speed of light. As we discussed in previous chapters, the concept of time (as quantity of clock-ticks) is intrinsically related to distance. In fact, a proper examination of Einsteinian Relativity is sufficient by itself to appreciate this intrinsic relation.

E 11.1

In fact, the numeric value of the constant speed of light (c) represents the error in the ratio of our spatial distance unit (meter) and our time unit (second). As a result, constant of speed of light (c) is used to provide the correlation and adjustment between current physical units (SI) in the most basic physical equations.

Moreover, errors in the current unit system are not limited to the relation between the units of distance and time. There exists an intrinsic relation between distance and energy (and mass). Briefly, energy of a package of electromagnetic radiation (photon) is dependent on its wavelength only. In fact, energy content of a quantum of mass is also a function of a constant (wave) length. In previous chapters, we have examined that the relation between distance and energy (and mass) is a consequence of the formation of mass and energy. This relation can be seen below in the equation that describes the energy of electromagnetic radiation:

E 11.2 (h is the Planck constant, c is the constant speed of light, and λ is the wavelength of the energy package)

If energy (and mass) is unitized independently from the unit of distance, an additional correction constant emerges in equations. This additional constant is known as Planck’s constant (h), and it specifies the additional deviation in the unit of energy from time, since physical concepts of both time and energy are derived from a common origin, distance.

On the other hand, some constants do not arise from the insufficiencies of incompatible unit systems. Conversely, such constants are dependent on the current state of balance in the universe, and it is not possible to eliminate them from equations by any kind of a unit system. Such constants are listed below:

Fine structure constant characterizes the strength of electromagnetic interaction, and it signifies the ratio of the universal strain on the expansion (Section 7.4).

Gravitational constant characterizes the strength of gravitational effects, and it signifies the radius of curvature of the universe (Section 7.8).

Hubble’s constant characterizes the rate of the increase in circumference’s (space) size, and it signifies the amount of matter content in the universe (Section 7.12).

Although, observation seems to be the only way to deduce the numeric values of these constants, they may have a relation that inevitably results in today’s balanced state of the universe.