Geometric Generalization is a unique and original theory of everything, which has been derived through the process of both inductive and deductive reasoning and a thorough examination of mainstream physics (Section 2.2 “Methodology”). The list of references that guided this process has been presented on Section “References”.

However, after completing the 3^rd version of this paper, I have found out that some other authors also had similar approaches, and we have had helpful discussions with some of those authors.

The list below presents those theories that have similarities with Geometric Generalization in someway. (Please contact to improve the list, if there are other similar theories, which were published before)

Heraclitus of Ephesus about 535 - 475 BC

Some of his statements and deductions summarize the philosophy and the conclusions of Geometric Generalization. Such as:

- “Nature is a unity”

- “Reality is an ongoing process of change” (Flux theory)

- “Reason is the only constant in an ever-changing world” (Logos)

- “Fire is the origin of all matter” (a primitive description of our hypothesis)

- “The world is not to be identified with any particular substance, but rather with an ongoing process governed by a law of change.”

Lord William Thomson Kelvin, (1824 - 1907)

While I was searching for the mathematics of knots, I discovered Lord Kelvin’s vortex atoms theory. Unfortunately, he assumed the presence of a liquid-like substance filling the universe (e.g. ether); his approach (vortex atoms theory) was ignored undeservedly. This link on Scottish mathematical physics presents information on the history of knot theory.

According to a quote from Einstein, Ziegler seems to be the first person who suggested that our hypothesis could derive relativity phenomenon as a natural result of itself. (Geometric Generalization also deduced the same conclusion independently, and it presents the two mathematical versions of this derivation on Section 6.6)

H. Ziegler: “If one thinks about the basic particles of matter as invisible little spheres which possess an invariable speed of light, then all interactions of matter like states and electrodynamic phenomena can be described and thus we would have erected the bridge between the material and immaterial world that Mr. Planck wanted.”

E. Schrödinger proposed zitterbewegung in 1930, as a result of his analysis of the Dirac equation.

Theories listed below either consider matter quanta as knots or they are based on the zitterbewegung hypothesis:

The photonic theory of everything. Vernon influenced the 4^th version of Geometric Generalization with his comments.

Relativity without Einstein? Our discussions with Dr. Albrecht also influenced the Section 9.3 on “The Exact Meaning of Relativity” of Geometric Generalization.

Unified field theory from a different perspective.

Loop quantum gravity by Abhay Ashtekar, Lee Smolin, Carlo Rovelli

The zitterbewegung interpretation of quantum mechanics

The emergence of quanta in a causal continuum

A knot theory of physics

Luxon theory

Do quantum particles have a structure?

The electron as orbiting quantum