As a result, two basic constants (speed of light, and Planck’s constant) can be eliminated from equations by defining their values as one (1). If the hypothesis (Chapter 3) or the final generalization of laws of Nature (Section 9.2), which is this paper’s basic description of laws of Nature, is examined deeply, it can easily be seen that motion of matter is a reduced (decelerated by circulation) form of constant and continuous action of light. This paper clearly deduces to accept the constant of speed of light as one (1), and to define the speed of a material body as a ratio of the speed of light. In fact, Einsteinian Relativity is also enough to reach this deduction.

The Planck’s constant and the constant of speed of light will be accepted as one (1) in this paper’s Universal Unit System. However, this approach has very important consequences. In our current unit systems (e.g. SI), units of distance, time, mass, energy, etc. are defined unconnectedly, and constants emerged indicating the amount of unconnectedness. Conversely, if the constant speed of light is accepted as one (1), then it is not possible to define units of distance and time independently, (because of the constant relation between spatial distance metric and time as quantity of clock-ticks, or the constancy of speed of light). Therefore, one of the units of either distance or time must be defined as a function of the other one.

Additionally, if Planck’s constant is accepted as one (1), then it will not be possible to define unit of mass or energy independently from the units of distance and time, since there is a (inverse) relation between concepts of distance and energy (and mass). If all physical concepts are unitized as a function of one basic physical concept, then constants that emerge due to disconnectedness disappear from equations.

Geometric Generalization has constructed physical reality on geometric principles. Careful readers may easily predict that this paper treats distance as the basic physical concept. As a result, the constant length of any physical object can be chosen arbitrarily as a basis of such a natural unit system.

At first, it can be assumed that the ideal basic unit of distance should be suitable for daily human activities, such as length of apple or foot. However, this kind of choice would cause many problems. First, each apple’s size differs; second, apples do not grow everywhere in the universe. Simply, the basic property of the universal unit of distance is that its standard reference object should be found universally, and be constant (for every inert frame of reference).

On the other hand, quantities of physical concepts (e.g. distance, time, mass, etc.) hugely differs from each other in human scale; hence, it is not possible to form a unit system (by accepting speed of light and Planck’s constants as 1), where all physical concepts have suitable units for human activities.

Also by considering the points above, the most consistent standard for the unit of distance seems to be the object that mostly expresses the basic principle of Nature. According to our discussions in the previous chapters, wavelength of the energy that is equal to the mass of electron (Compton wavelength of electron) seems to be a very good choice for the standard unit of distance in many aspects. Henceforth, in Geometric Generalization’s Universal Unit System, Compton wavelength of electron is named as erk (er is pronounced as in eric), and units of other physical concepts will be defined as a function of the standard unit of spatial distance (erk).

We will skip the details here, but please note that Compton wavelength of electron (its intrinsic energy content - mass) indicates magnitude of a strain on the expansion (related to the universal strain on the expansion and radius of the universe), where strain itself is a unitless ratio. In fact, Compton wavelength of electron describes the curvature (strain) in the expanding space-time at a location. However, Compton wavelength of electron has been accepted as the basic unit, because it is necessary to assign a unit to at least one of the physical concepts in order to form a unit system.

Additionally, choosing Compton wavelength of electron (erk) as a spatial distance unit has very important advantages. First, any observer can determine the standard distance unit (erk) by observing constituents of its body (electrons in its own inertial frame of reference). Second, mass of electron changes in relativistic cases (with acceleration or in gravitational fields) for relative observers. Hence, this paper’s distance unit (erk) is kept as a standard in any inert frame of reference, since it involves relativistic transformations in its definition (since distance unit (erk) varies relatively, Section 6.6).

Now, let us discuss each physical concept one by one, and present unit definitions of Geometric Generalization’s System.